1. Plasticity:
Plasticity refers to the ability of a metal material to produce plastic deformation (permanent deformation) without destruction under load.
2. Hardness:
Hardness is a measure of the softness and hardness of metal materials. At present, the most commonly used method for measuring hardness in production is the indentation hardness method, which uses an indenter of a certain geometric shape to press into the surface of the metal material being tested under a certain load, and the hardness value is measured based on the degree of indentation.
3. Fatigue:
The strength, plasticity, and hardness discussed earlier are all indicators of the mechanical properties of metal under static load. In fact, many machine parts are operated under cyclic loading, and fatigue will occur in the parts under such conditions.
4. Impact toughness:
The load acting on the machine part at a very high speed is called impact load, and the ability of metal to resist damage under impact load is called impact toughness.
5. Strength:
Strength refers to the ability of metal materials to resist damage (excessive plastic deformation or fracture) under static load. Since the load acts in the form of tension, compression, bending, shearing, etc., the strength is also divided into tensile strength, compressive strength, flexural strength, shear strength, etc. There is often a certain relationship between various strengths. In use, tensile strength is generally used as the most basic strength indicator.